Compare New Caledonia (2005) - Tonga (2004)

Compare New Caledonia (2005) z Tonga (2004)

	New Caledonia (2005)	Tonga (2004)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 provinces named Iles Loyaute, Nord, and Sud	3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u
Age structure	0-14 years: 29% (male 32,030/female 30,714) 15-64 years: 64.6% (male 70,294/female 69,506) 65 years and over: 6.4% (male 6,513/female 7,437) (2005 est.)	0-14 years: 37.1% (male 20,873; female 20,050) 15-64 years: 58.7% (male 32,018; female 32,707) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 2,005; female 2,584) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	vegetables; beef, deer, other livestock products	squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish
Airports	25 (2004 est.)	6 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 11 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 6 (2004 est.)	total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 19,060 sq km land: 18,575 sq km water: 485 sq km	total: 748 sq km land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than New Jersey	four times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s has dissipated.	The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.
Birth rate	18.49 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)	24.87 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $861.3 million expenditures: $735.3 million, including capital expenditures of $52 million (1996 est.)	revenues: $39.9 million expenditures: $52.4 million, including capital expenditures of $1.9 million (FY99/00 est.)
Capital	Noumea	Nuku'alofa
Climate	tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid	tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
Coastline	2,254 km	419 km
Constitution	4 October 1958 (French Constitution)	4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies conventional short form: New Caledonia local long form: Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances local short form: Nouvelle-Caledonie	conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga conventional short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands
Currency	-	pa'anga (TOP)
Death rate	5.65 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)	5.45 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	$79 million (1998 est.)	$63.4 million (2001)
Dependency status	overseas territory of France since 1956	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of France)	the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of France)	chief of mission: Ambassador Sonatane T. T. TUPOU chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (917) 369-1025 FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024 consulate(s) general: San Francisco
Disputes - international	Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by France and Vanuatu	none
Economic aid - recipient	$880 million annual subsidy from France (1998)	Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02)
Economy - overview	New Caledonia has about 25% of the world's known nickel resources. Only a small amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel, substantial financial support from France - equal to more than one-fourth of GDP - and tourism are keys to the health of the economy. Substantial new investment in the nickel industry, combined with the recovery of global nickel prices, brightens the economic outlook for the next several years.	Tonga, a small, open, South Pacific island economy, has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. High unemployment among the young and the continuing upturn in inflation are major issues facing the government.
Electricity - consumption	1.471 billion kWh (2002)	25.36 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2002)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2002)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	1.581 billion kWh (2002)	27.27 million kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Panie 1,628 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
Environment - current issues	erosion caused by mining exploitation and forest fires	deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3%	Polynesian, Europeans about 300
Exchange rates	Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 96.04 (2004), 105.66 (2003), 126.71 (2002), 133.26 (2001), 129.43 (2000)	pa'anga per US dollar - NA (2003), 2.1952 (2002), 2.1236 (2001), 1.7585 (2000), 1.5991 (1999)
Executive branch	chief of state: President of France Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by High Commissioner Michel MATHIEU (since 15 July 2005) head of government: President of the Government Marie-Noelle THEMEREAU (since 10 June 2004) cabinet: Consultative Committee elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the government elected by the members of the Territorial Congress; note - last election held 29 June 2004 when Marie-Noelle THEMEREAU was elected on the third vote with 8 votes for and 3 abstentions	chief of state: King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965) head of government: Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since NA February 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister James C. COCKER (since NA January 2001) cabinet: Cabinet, appointed by the monarch, consists of 12 members note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the Cabinet, and two governors elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch
Exports	NA	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	ferronickels, nickel ore, fish	squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops
Exports - partners	Japan 22%, France 16.5%, Taiwan 12.3%, South Korea 12%, Spain 6.3%, Australia 6.1%, China 4.8%, South Africa 4.5% (2004)	US 50%, Japan 35.7%, Italy 3.6% (2003)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	the flag of France is used	red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $236 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 5% industry: 30% services: 65% (1997 est.)	agriculture: 26% industry: 12% services: 62% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $15,000 (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	3% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	21 30 S, 165 30 E	20 00 S, 175 00 W
Geography - note	consists of the main island of New Caledonia (one of the largest in the Pacific Ocean), the archipelago of Iles Loyaute, and numerous small, sparsely populated islands and atolls	archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited)
Heliports	6 (2004 est.)	-
Highways	total: 5,432 km (2000)	total: 680 km paved: 184 km unpaved: 496 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	NA	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs	foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners	France 40.3%, Singapore 10.9%, Australia 9.1%, New Zealand 4.9% (2004)	New Zealand 43.4%, Fiji 22.2%, Australia 11.1%, US 6.1% (2003)
Independence	none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new referendum is scheduled for 2014	4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)
Industrial production growth rate	-0.6% (1996)	8.6% (FY98/99)
Industries	nickel mining and smelting	tourism, fishing
Infant mortality rate	total: 7.72 deaths/1,000 live births male: 8.42 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)	total: 12.99 deaths/1,000 live births male: 14.36 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-0.6% (2000 est.)	10.3% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	FZ, ICFTU, PIF (observer), UPU, WFTU, WMO	ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)
Irrigated land	160 sq km (1991)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court)
Labor force	79,400 (including 15,018 unemployed) (1996)	33,910 (1996)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 7%, industry 23%, services 70% (1999 est.)	agriculture 65% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0.38% permanent crops: 0.33% other: 99.29% (2001)	arable land: 23.61% permanent crops: 43.06% other: 33.33% (2001)
Languages	French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects	Tongan, English
Legal system	the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands; formerly under French law	based on English law
Legislative branch	unicameral Territorial Congress or Congres Territorial (54 seats; members belong to the three Provincial Assemblies or Assemblees Provinciales elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 9 May 2004 (next to be held NA 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPCR-UMP 16, AE 16, UNI-FLNKS 8, UC 7, FN 4, others 3 note: New Caledonia currently holds 1 seat in the French Senate; elections last held 24 September 2001 (next to be held not later than September 2007; between now and 2010 New Caledonia will gain a second seat in the French Senate); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; New Caledonia also elects 2 seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 and 16 June 2002 (next to be held by June 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UMP 2	unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms) elections: last held 7 March 2002 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote - HRDMT 70%; seats - HRDMT 7, traditionalist 2
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 74.04 years male: 71.07 years female: 77.16 years (2005 est.)	total population: 69.2 years male: 66.74 years female: 71.79 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 91% male: 92% female: 90% (1976 est.)	definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English total population: 98.5% male: 98.4% female: 98.7% (1996 est.)
Location	Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia	Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references	Oceania	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Merchant marine	total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,261 GRT/1,600 DWT by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 1 (2005)	total: 40 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 136,977 GRT/200,751 DWT by type: bulk 3, cargo 21, chemical tanker 2, container 1, liquefied gas 4, petroleum tanker 5, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1 foreign-owned: Albania 1, Australia 4, Brazil 1, Cyprus 1, Egypt 1, Greece 1, Lebanon 1, Liberia 1, Marshall Islands 1, Norway 1, Panama 2, Romania 1, Russia 1, Saudi Arabia 1, Switzerland 3, Syria 1, United (2004 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France	-
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; French Armed Forces (includes Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie); Police Force	Tonga Defense Services: Ground Forces (Royal Marines, Royal Guard), Maritime Force (including Air Wing)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$NA	NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA	NA
National holiday	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)	Independence Day, 4 June (1970)
Nationality	noun: New Caledonian(s) adjective: New Caledonian	noun: Tongan(s) adjective: Tongan
Natural hazards	cyclones, most frequent from November to March	cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou
Natural resources	nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper	fish, fertile soil
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Alliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX]; Caleonian Union or UC [leader NA]; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI [Francois BURCK]; Front National or FN [Guy GEORGE]; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS [leader NA] (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE and Elie POIGOUNE]; Rally for Caledonia in the Republic (anti independent) or RPCR-UMP [Jacques LAFLEUR]; The Future Together or AE [Harold MARTIN]; Union Nationale pour l'Independance or UNI [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; note - may no longer exist, but Paul NEAOUTYINE has since become a president of Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM [Victor TUTUGORO]	there are no political parties
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chair]
Population	216,494 (July 2005 est.)	110,237 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA
Population growth rate	1.28% (2005 est.)	1.94% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	Noumea	Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (2001)
Religions	Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10%	Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	21 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 687; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (1996)
Telephones - main lines in use	52,000 (2002)	11,200 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	80,000 (2002)	3,400 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	6 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1997)	2 (2001)
Terrain	coastal plains with interior mountains	most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Total fertility rate	2.31 children born/woman (2005 est.)	3 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	19% (1996)	13.3% (1996 est.)

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